Cross Cultural Issues Essay

With hot topics like globalization and cross-cultural opportunities in the Asia Pacific rim, one might think it would be easy to research the implications of cross cultural issues. Rather, what the writer found was a significant discussion all around the periphery but little in-depth analysis. Discussion prevailed on the socio-economic and technological ramifications. Others resources focused on the language issues but little work was intuitively available on the subtleties of cross cultural issues one may encounter. Based on experience working in the Asia Pacific rim for two years as a PMO Manager, and training PM’s in many European countries, I decided that understanding international socio-cultural issues encountered in business is essentially at the heart of the issues companies will encounter in globalizing operations. Therefore, the writer will approach the crosscultural issues from a personalized understanding based on his many months of first hand mistakes in understanding cultural issues encountered in Asia Pacific. I will base my observations of cross-cultural issues on my experiences in working most closely with individuals from China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, and India. Naturally there are more countries in the Pacific Rim but these mentioned provided the most opportunity for interaction. I want to also acknowledge the contributions of my wife, Helena Shiu Leung Chow Ballow, whom I initially met in Asia. Her wisdom, coaching, and meaningful insights on the many differences between Western and Eastern business and cultural practices were, and remain till this day, illuminating, helpful and daunting. Introduction Clearly we all understand to some degree the impact of cultural issues in communications. If nothing else, we have encountered situations where language was the barrier. But language may be the smallest of the issues when dealing with other cultures. Even when we pull out our Translation Guides or employ translators we may get pass some of the language difficulties. But from the writer’s experience, language is the least of the issues. Ingrained and systemic patterns of cultural behaviours can be so subtle as to completely deny meaningful communications. I found a really good example of just how easily cultural variances can cause communications problems. In this case the issues was â€Å"psychological filtering† of appearance or gesture. I would think is would also be easy for the reader to extrapolate this example into some experiences that may have encountered even in the West. Timofeev (2002), in an article in National Concepts and Globalization, provided the following example: â€Å"The idea or rather the hypothesis that underlies this paper was stimulated by a trivial chat with a friend of mine. Being a linguist by trade, Russian by origin and living in Finland, she is well aware of cross-cultural discrepancies and provided me with a curious example. It was a TV commercial of an international brand of Persil washing powder. Two young ladies were shown sitting in a crowded place, some restaurant or a cafe. One of the ladies notices quite a peculiar manner her friend has chosen to wear her wristwatch. It was placed above the cuff of her blouse. It turned out in a second that the only reason for placing her watch there was to cover some stain that regular detergents failed to deal with. Oh dear, you should use Persil instead! † So everything was straight and simple. But before that, when the attentive and thoughtful lady was describing her version of her friend’s peculiar manner of wearing her watch in Finnish (and I guess that the German, French and English versions were quite similar to that in Finnish), she said: â€Å"You are such a busy person. You have to wear your watch so that it can always be seen. † While in Russian the same lady made quite a different guess: â€Å"Your watch must be terribly expensive since you wear it so that everyone can notice it. † †¦ The Russian version, when translated into English, seems to be full of irony; it describes the lady’s manner as showing off. It would definitely undermine the main purpose of the ad, which was to provide a friend and those watching the commercial with thoughtful advice about using detergents. (p. 1)† To understand the issues we must start with a framework definition of culture. There are just too many definitions of culture, and even speaking the same language, we might get off tract pretty quickly. So, the writer did some research and decided on the following foundational definition of culture upon which to proceed. This is summarized by Kim (1999): â€Å"As the author himself confesses that there are 160 different definitions of the term ‘culture’ and picks up the definition of scholar Clyde Kluckhohn. According to him, â€Å"Culture consists of patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i. e. historically derived and selected) ideas and attached values. † continued  © 2004, 2005 Dennis G. Ballow, Sr. , PMKT, Inc. , All Rights Reserved Globalization and Cross-Cultural Issues in Project Management, page 2 Another scholar, Triandis, presents a psychological perspective to the description. â€Å"Culture is a subjective perception of the human – made part of the environment. And this includes the categorization of social stimuli, associations, beliefs, attitudes, roles, and values individuals share. † Culture thus is a melting pot consisting of many things gathered over a period of time in which religion and language play a great role. (p. 228)† Now, with a definition of culture in hand, and a real life example to back up the idea, we will look at some relatively common cultural issues that impact communication, and thus, also have implications for Western corporations working in the Asia Pacific Rim. Cross-Cultural Issues and Implications I will present the materials in a table format such that it may be easier to digest. A simple summary provided by Bhagat et al (2002 provides a good stepping-stone for analysis of the cross-cultural issues: Cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge is most effective in terms of both velocity and viscosity when the type of knowledge (i. . , human, social, or structured) being transferred is simple, explicit, and independent and when such transfers involve similar cultural contexts. In contrast, transfer is least effective when the type of knowledge being transferred is complex, tacit, and systemic and involves dissimilar cultural contexts. (p. 204) Table 1: Cross-cultural Implications – Asian (China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan) and the West Cross-culture Dimension Language Implications Asian Perspective Not that complicated to the Asian. Foreigners should have more respect and learn the language. American Perspective English is the international business language so everyone should use it. Implications It is generally good practice to â€Å"localize† materials when feasible. Local words and expressions sometime just do not properly translate for English and may actually be offensive. A focus on team activities and collaboration vs. individual competitive activities is preferred. Individualism vs. Collectivism Strong Collectivism – The Asians depend more on groups or institutions to determine what they should do and emphasize loyalty to the group. They are more likely to cooperate with others to avoid risks and reduce responsibilities. Their value systems appreciate duty to the group and harmony among its members while pursuing personal goals is viewed rather negatively in Asia. The Asian person does not consider contracts as seriously as the Americans. They think there will always be changes and the contracts can be reasonably modified according to changes. Instead, they tend to pay more attention to relationships than contracts. Strong Individualism – They rely on their own view to determine what they should do. They tend to work alone and are reluctant to cooperate because their individualism and masculine culture view cooperation in general as a sign of weakness and place a high value on independence and control. Americans place greater importance on contractual safeguards than the Asian. They believe that contracts can ensure that their partners’ tendencies to focus on individual goals and aspirations do not interfere with their own individual goals and aspirations. Cooperation Nothing is cast in stone for the Asians. Authority is seldom, if ever, challenged. But when encouraged and trust is gained by the instructor, students will interact better, and challenge each other in a negotiative manner as not to create a †save face† problem. This takes much longer that you will ever plan – so take time to let the process work itself through. Asian employees seldom have the chance to really participate in the decision-making process. So activities requiring decisions may well take longer. continued

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Should People Learn the Basic History and Fundamentals of...

Music is all around us, it is a part of our culture and for some it is a way of life! We all know how music is and how it should sound, but most people don’t realize that if it weren’t for previous musical eras, music wouldn’t sound like how it does today. Music classes after 6th grade aren’t mandatory and if people aren’t going into that field they don’t take music classes, so they don’t have the information anymore. It could only benefit a person’s brain to know some simple things about music. Seems how music has evolved over the decades, it seems obvious to know music’s history to understand our own music. Fundamentals should be tied in as well to help understand what music really is. People should learn the basic history and†¦show more content†¦Next is the 20th Century, which was the beginning of a new age. Variety became important and likable in all sorts of ways. Traditional ways of making music sound were in a sense thrown out the window. From 1945 through now is important and different now because Jazz came into the picture. This was a new type of music and people enjoyed it so much! Now, there are many other important things that happened during these eras, but the main point is that with each era as time moved on they put their own marks on the music industry. With all things considered, each era has evolved music into what it is today and every person should realize this and needs this knowledge to actually understand music and where it has come from and where it could lead Additionally with the basic history of music, there are the fundamentals of music as well that people should learn. With each era that was talked about they had put different fundamentals into music, which shaped it into what it is today. For example, during the Middle Ages, a major fundamental was the basso continuo. This was used throughout the different eras and is still used in songs today. The Renaissanc e Era came up with secular music and the lute. The Baroque Era used ternary forms and Ritenello form. A Concerto Grosso came to light during this era as well. The Classical Era changed and ended up having four movements in pieces. Sonata form was used in pieces. MusicShow MoreRelatedMusic As A Universal Experience1375 Words   |  6 Pages Music used as an Educational Tool in Advanced Higher Learning Tennessee State University Miller, Cordell 4/21/2016 â€Æ' Musical Minds â€Å"Musical is a universal experience. With few exceptions, all humans perceive musical pitch, tone, timbre, and harmony. We listen to music to relax, to help us think, to celebrate, and grieve. Our emotional responses to music have been noted in literature, poetry, and drama. The power of music to evoke an emotional response is used by advertising companiesRead MoreThe Modern Era1014 Words   |  5 Pagesproduce better work without any art experience. But from their lack of art history they will not be able to produce work that has deep meaning like Picasso, or psychoanalysis of color theory like Kandinsky. Firstly, Kandinsky’s â€Å"Composition VII,† initially seems messy, unorganized, or even accidental. But the colors are not random; each color has a purpose behind it. He analyses color to the point where he made a â€Å"Basic Color Theory† analysis. For example, the yellow represents joy, happinessRead MoreHigh School Students : Why Do So Many Not Finish College?969 Words   |  4 Pagesan empty house full of pointless and trivial materialistic products of the here and now. Many young adults find themselves facing life’s obstacle with improper tools to complete college or succeed. Government run schools teach children the basic fundamentals of English(reading and writing), mathematics, science, and the occasional liberal arts, but what about the moral and ethical values, such as discipline and integrity? Where is the educated man or woman who is a self-controlled thinker thatRead MoreA Brief History On Two Types Of Music Education1904 Words   |  8 PagesWithin this essay, you shall find a brief history on two types of Music Education, the Suzuki Method; as well as the Dalcroze Method, as well as a breakdown of these methods. Apart from this, you will also find a slight discussion on how I might incorporate these met hods, if any, into my own teachings. Suzuki Method The Suzuki Method was created and developed by Violin prodigy, Shinichi Suzuki, after being asked by a colleague if he was able to teach his son. Intrigued, he set out the find outRead More Sufi Teachers and Redefining the Traditional Student-Teacher Relationship1688 Words   |  7 PagesSufi Teachers and Redefining the Traditional Student-Teacher Relationship What does it mean-and more important, what should it mean--to be educated? (58) A response to Spayds begs another question. 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Some scholars oppose the principles of an aestheticRead MoreConfucianism And Its Influence On Chinese History1713 Words   |  7 PagesKung Fu Tzu, also known as Confucius, was an iconic figure in the Chinese history. He was a teacher, a philosopher, and also the founder of Confucianism. Confucius’ philosophies, on the other hand, would became well known as Confucianism. Confucianism can be conside red as an ancient Chinese philosophy as well as a popular religion in the Chinese history. It is known to be a way of life taught by Confucius. Although being transformed over a long period of time, Confucianism is still the source ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education Is Its Differing Aims1536 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle raised many issues regarding the opposing perspectives about the practice of education. He affirmed that there is no universal accord about whether education should be directed more towards intellectual objectives or towards the character of the individual. He also proposed that there is doubt about whether education should be aimed at notion valuable for everyday life or at notions approving to virtues. As a matter of fact, modern day educators are still deliberating the concerns AristotleRead MoreMalaysias Education Curriculums Correlation With Malaysias National Philosophy of Education2510 Words   |  11 Pagesbe taught to the pupils but no text book is p rovided for them nor the teacher guidance book. In this sense, there is no proper guidelines for teacher to teach Arts in the classroom. The Curriculum Development Division (CDD) of Ministry of Education should consider to provide text book for pupils in order for Arts subject to be well taught in class. The current module for teaching and learning provided by the CDD is not suitable for teachers’ reference. Normally, teacher provides everything prior toRead MoreThe History Of Music Education Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesThe History of Music Education in the Americas The history of our schools is told beginning with the founding of our nation, moving through the common school movement, the arguments of the progressive era, and leading up to all of the modern acts made in the 21st century. Music education is a factor in the public schools, and it is rarely discussed as part of the history of our schools. Music education has been a part of our schools since the beginning and continues to better our students to this

The Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides - 1968 Words

The characters in Medea by Euripides have no free will; the gods control all. Consequently, the concept, â€Å"Divine Double Bind,† described by the author Ruth Padel in Whom Gods Destroy as â€Å"Divinity issues prohibitions (do not kill your mother), forces you to break them, then punishes you for doing so† (215) explains perfectly the actions and ultimate fates of Medea, Jason, King Creon and his daughter, the chorus leader, and the two sons. Many of Medea’s actions, which offend the gods, and the subsequent consequences for such actions throughout the story exhibit the â€Å"Divine Double Blind† concept. Medea starts off by offending the gods when, according to Jason, Medea’s husband, she â€Å"slaughtered [her] brother in [her] home† (81), and then, as is explained by the nurse, Medea’s servant, she causes Pelias’ daughter to kill their father (32). Medea’s first misdeed is thus murder, and although it is through Medea’s actions that these crimes are committed, because the gods control all the mortals, the gods are actually the ones who made her do them. Sticking with the â€Å"Divine Double Blind† concept, the gods punish Medea by having her marriage to Jason fall apart. The nurse recites that â€Å"their fine love’s grown sick, diseased, for Jason . . . married the daughter of king Creon† (32). Jason has neglected Medea and married another woman, which Medea responds to with rage. She kills again, this time targeting Jason’s new wife and her father, King Creon. Medea has her childrenShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Euripides Medea1593 Words   |  7 PagesEuripides’ Medea is considered, according to Aristotle’s Poetics, a tragedy. The play centers on Medea, an outsider and wife to Jason, who seeks to punish Jason for taking another wife. The play is considered a tragedy because it contains the three unities as well as the six elements o f drama mentioned by Aristotle. Despite the fact that the does the play fits the criteria of what Aristotle considers tragedy, however, Medea is actually not a tragedy but tells the story about a successful revengeRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides1970 Words   |  8 PagesMedea The characters in Medea by Euripides have no free will; the gods control all. Consequently, the concept, â€Å"Divine Double Bind,† described by the author Ruth Padel in Whom Gods Destroy as â€Å"Divinity issues prohibitions (do not kill your mother), forces you to break them, then punishes you for doing so† (215) explains perfectly the actions and ultimate fates of Medea, Jason, King Creon and his daughter, the chorus leader, and the two sons. Many of Medea’s actions, which offend the gods, andRead MoreGreek Tragedy By Euripides Medea1646 Words   |  7 Pages Discuss the ways Greek tragedy authors addressed such topics as duty, honor, kingship, gender roles, and the other. Greek tragedy authors tend to use their writings as a means of social, political, and religious commentary. Both of the authors we read of, use their characters and the storyline development to test their reader’s moral boundaries. On the one hand, Euripides’ Medea emphasizes Greek thoughts concerning foreigners, and denounces Athenian social bases through his character’s traitsRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of Medea By Euripides1844 Words   |  8 PagesIn  Medea  by Euripides, an unfortunate tragedy arose from devastating circumstances, centralizing around intense grief and rage. In the center of the horrific situation was Medea, who was the daughter of King Aeetes. She was the former wife of Jason, until he decided to abandon his family and duties as the head of the household by marrying Glauce, the Princess of Corinth. She murdered her children, Glauce, and Creon, the King of Corinth to satiate her overwhelming lust for blood and revenge. UndeniablyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Euripides Medea And Ovid s Metamorphoses, Medea, And Juno898 Words   |  4 Pagespain they have caused. In Euripides’ Medea and Ovid’s’ Metamorphoses, Medea and Juno exhibit vengeance to defend th eir dignity. Primary Source In Euripides’ Medea, Medea is very furious because Juno left her and her children to remarry the princess. Medea does not accept the betrayal and demands punishment for leaving her after all she has done for him. Creon is aware â€Å"I’m afraid of you. You could hurt my daughter, even kill her. Every indication points that way†(793). Medea knew she was going to exileRead MoreEvaluation of Euripides Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation of Euripides Euripides has met the conventions of Attic Tragedy up to a particular extent. Although he was often criticised for his work, he followed the structure and cycles of the traditional tragedy. However, his stance on the themes and ideas set him apart from the other writers. It is unreasonable to compare Euripides with the traditional writers of Attic tragedy without understandingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medea By Sophocles1611 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary for a top-notch tragedy. While these norms may seem to be easily understood through the reading of Aristotle’s fine-tuned poetics, there is a different understanding that needs to be interpreted to truly grasp the significance and qualifications that makeup a good tragedy. Of the many tragedies that Euripides provides us with, I chose the tragedy of Medea to further analyze, and present a strong argument for why I think Aristotle would find Medea a top-notch tragedy. According to AristotleRead MoreAnalysis Of Euripides The Play Medea 1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Greek playwright Euripides, who lived from 480 BC to 406 BC, had four victories as a Tragedian. A third of the â€Å"Big Three† of tragedians, Euripides was, in his time, less successful than both Aeschylus and Sophocles, who had 13 and 20 victories. Euripides’ writing was drast ically different from that of the others. While playwrights like Sophocles wrote characters the way they should be ideally, Euripides wrote his characters truthfully and portrayed people as compassionate and cruel and complicatedRead More Love and Deception in Medea, by Euripides Essay507 Words   |  3 PagesLove and Deception in Medea, by Euripides There are many pieces of literature that may entail more than one theme throughout the story. The tragedy, Medea, by Euripides is very good example of this. Throughout this story, the themes of betrayal and love, revenge, and women’s rights arise. Euripides brings these points up to help the reader to realize that women are powerful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Betrayal is a very important theme throughout this story. Her husband Jason betrays Medea, when he abandons herRead MoreThe Concept of the Tragic Hero: an Analysis of Jason and Medea in Euripides Medea1442 Words   |  6 PagesIn ‘Medea’, Euripides shows Medea in a new light, as a scorned woman that the audience sympathises with to a certain extent, but also views as a monster due to her act of killing her own children. The protagonist of a tragedy, known as the Tragic Hero is supposed to have certain characteristics which cause the audience to sympathise with them and get emotionally involved with the plot. The two main characters, Medea and Jason, each have certain qualities of the Tragic Hero, but neither has them all

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Strategy and Society Human Resource Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discusss about the Strategy and Society Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: Corporate social responsibility is an essential element of all business organization which helps to ensure that the business firms are able to taking account of all forms of social consequences. Idea of CSR has emerged to deal with ethical issues that are often raised by the operations of business organization (Porter Kramer, 2011). One of the major purpose of implementing CSR is to ensure that sustainability principles having incorporated in the practically executed business plans. In order to deal with the issues of controversy between CSR and competitive advantage policy, the idea of business shared value has been incorporated. The main purpose of incorporating this idea is to ensure that competitive policy of a business firm is mutually dependent upon the value of social responsibilities. In other words it can be said that companies, which are able to follow the principles of CSR and business sustainability can automatically generate competitive advantage in the society (Porter Kramer, 2011). There have been several controversies in the past about the actual nature and purpose of business organization and the contribution of the same to the society. The idea of CSR has therefore emerged to ensure that the society is positively benefited with the actual outcome of business operations. The cause of major controversies after introducing the policy of CSR is due to the fact that most of the companies have to compromise upon their competitive advantage marketing policies. This ultimately results in financial capital loss, thereby losing the actual purpose of the business. It is essential to understand the connection between the social and economic progress in order to properly implement the principles of shared values in business practice. One of the major issues of incorporating traditional principles of CSR is due to the fact that they are poorly linked with the actual practical strategies of business. As the idea of shared values in business practice image it help to identify the social opportunities that can be utilized by multinational corporations to generate new business ideas in the market (Porter Kramer, 2006). Cost constraint is considered to be one of the major issue that prevented companies like Toyota, Ford or Volvo to implement the policy of CSR that can ultimately help them to achieve innovation in business operations and competitive advantage policies. It is important to consider the relationship between business and society as equal element of corporate growth. This can ultimately help to device a new framework and course of action to discover new opportunity of social market expansion. 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These can include pollution of the local environment from manufacturing unit. In order to avoid such controversy it is important to ensure the business organization built up the local community in order to understand the needs of the community. It is also essential to depend upon the local suppliers in order to get the best supply of the materials. It is important to mention that private business organizations play an essential role in order to ensure Rapid economic growth of the society. Nevertheless, incorporation of the local value chain is highly essential to understand the basic principles of CSR in the context of modern days. Inclusive of essential Business models in the principles of CSR is highly essential in the context of rapidly evolving economy. It is there for essential to involve complementary strategies to enhance the environmental need according to the business model (Crane et al., 2014). Additional it is also essential to develop upon the skills of business workers. This will help to deal with the social issue of unemployment. The poor economic infrastructure is considered to be one of the basic obstacles that make the principles of CSR more valuable in the context of developing Nations. Creation of business values is highly associated engineering high brand value in the modern day society. The idea of capitalism needs to be incorporated and balanced along side with the business values. The shared value initiative has been generated in order to understand the demand of the global society in the context of modern day business environment. This is important to consider that new barriers that are generated in the process of implementing CSR. These barriers originated according to the changing demand of the society. Business firm have to analyze the micro and macro environment of the society in order to better understand the role of shared values. The successful implementation of CSR can help to ensure that business organization is able to generate sustainability. It can also help to ensure that the employees within the organization are able to gain high level of job satisfaction. This element is also highly essential in order to incorporating long term sustainability and customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction. These limitations in implementing CSR are the major barriers that are preventing in the execution of utopian goals. Hence, in order to address the difference between shared value and CSR it is important to highlight that CSR principles do not change with the need of the society. The other hand the principles of shared business value try to incorporate and maintain balance between the principles of CSR and business requirements of multinational corporations. In the context of the modern day business environment most of the business organizations are able to incorporate the principles of CSR mostly due to the linking of the same with the modern day business requirements. The major limitations of CSR can also be overcome due to the added advantage of shared business values. In spite of the fact that there are still several controversies due to rise of environmental degradation in the modern day society, the principles of corporate social responsibility is unable to minimize the environmental damage. Along with the principles of business sustainability it is possible large-scale multinational corporat ions to understand the requirement of the global society. Business Ethics principle is also incorporated in the due process. Hence, it is yet not possible for shared business values to reach a position of perfection; there are several examples of social and economic balance that are successfully implemented in the modern day corporate world. In spite of several gaps, the business resources of the modern days are aiming to rapidly adapt with the changing environment of the society, which will enable them to incorporate new Business principles of sustainability. References Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L. J., Matten, D. (2014). Contesting the value of creating shared value. California management review, 56(2), 130-153. Porter, M. E., Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy Society. Harvard Business Review, 84. Porter, M. E., Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating Shared Value? Harvard Business Review, January 2011.

The Hours Review Essay Example

The Hours Review Paper Essay on The Hours About these words (I, unfortunately, can not remember them verbatim) shocked me a few years ago, when I first saw the movie, based on the novel of Cunningham. The film The Hours, which I fell in love at first sight. I do not even remember how many times I watched it: 5-6 times, no less. Definitely I remember that many do not understand the first time, did not have time for time offset seams that are constantly taking place in the film. And it is absolutely unknown to me (and, therefore, not clear) was a line associated with Virginia Woolf. I had to read Mrs. Dalloway, what I do not regret. I was just shocked! Anything like this before, I did not read. The film, superimposed on the prose of Wolfe, of course, sounded completely different and completely fascinated me. And only a few years after this story I came upon the hero of the occasion -. Cunninghams novel The Hours » Honestly, I took him in hand with fear, very afraid to be disappointed. And generally I do not like to read the book after the film. What a sense for these reasons that I can not be objective in this novel, too many overlapping one to the other took place in my mind, I too firmly to fit in its cultural context. When reading The Hours is constantly before my eyes were the picture from the film, or was reminded of the scene from Wolfe. And I constantly compare Cunningham with her, although I understand that this is very different writers We will write a custom essay sample on The Hours Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hours Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hours Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The novel did not disappoint me, though, and left some the turmoil in the soul. Influence of Virginia Woolf is very strong, but Cunningham is not something that does not try to hide it, on the contrary, he cares for her work, which nowadays is so rare! This is a novel about the hours of our lives that slowly, in many ways, but surely ticking all the same ending. We all will die. But we all love this life, we have all the time we hope for the best. And this is the whole point. Otherwise Otherwise the death, but the other, a terrible, untimely. Death (as in the novel several of its variants) really emphasizes is not that life itself, it flows and flows themselves, but the essence of this life, meaning, for which is (or should not) live. And death is (as it turns out) links in a single destiny of heroes node, widely separated in time and space from each other It has everything: a. The history of the unfortunate writer, in his crucial dilemma of to be or not to be , and the modern history of New Yorkers with their ups and downs, homosexuals and lesbians, with AIDS, which, however, does not take away from the entirely novel (I usually do not like such a heap of problems). For lovers of reflection on the consumer society (the period of its formation, more precisely) also has some interesting thoughts And this is a novel about a writers work, one that will redeem all.. Not by chance the two protagonists of the novel writers, one the reader, and another a very similar copy of a literary heroine In short, worthy of the novel: good language (more precisely, translation, probably), the unexpected development of the plot. philosophicity unobtrusive. Frankly, I was even hurt that this novel was so strange to me.